Amid controversy, health care law changes under way

By Michelle Andrews
Kaiser Health News

Two years after its passage, the sweeping health care overhaul remains deeply controversial, with both political parties trying to use it to their advantage in the upcoming elections. As GOP lawmakers constantly deride "Obamacare" and threaten to repeal it, it’s easy to forget that implementation marches on, and a number of notable changes will take effect for consumers this year. 

They will, that is, unless the Supreme Court strikes down some or all of the law, including the requirement that nearly everyone have health insurance beginning in 2014. If that happens, all bets are off. Provisions that have already taken effect -- such as allowing adult children to remain on their parents’ health plans until age 26 and the 50 percent discount on brand-name drugs for seniors who reach the so-called donut hole in their prescription drug plans -- could be rolled back, and provisions for 2012 cancelled. The court will hear arguments in the case later this month and a decision is expected this summer.

If the law stands, here are the major new provisions that will affect consumers this year:

Free contraception coverage
Starting in August, the Obama administration's new rules on contraceptive coverage that have generated such controversy take effect. That means that women in a new health plan or in an existing one that has changed its benefits enough to not be considered grandfathered under the law will be able to receive contraceptives without an out-of-pocket charge. In addition, these plans will have to provide a variety of basic women’s health services, including well-woman visits (breast exams, pap smears, etc); screening for gestational diabetes; HPV testing; counseling for sexually transmitted infections; counseling and screening for HIV; and screening and counseling for interpersonal and domestic violence.

Religious employers such as churches are exempt from the new requirement. Colleges, hospitals and other employers that are affiliated with religious institutions are not exempt, but employees at those institutions will receive free contraceptive services from their employer's insurer.

Religiously-affiliated employers have a one-year grace period to implement this change, so some employees may not receive the free benefit until August 2013.

Rebates for consumers
Under the health-care overhaul, insurers have to spend at least 80 to 85 percent of premium revenues on medical claims and quality improvement or else rebate the difference to policyholders. In most group plans, that would mean the employer.

How much consumers can expect to receive remains an open question. An analysis by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, based on 2010 data, estimated that insurers would have returned $2 billion to consumers had the provision been in force then. The analysis said rebates would have gone to 53 percent of people in individual plans, 23 percent in small-group plans and 15 percent of large-group plan members.

In December, the Obama administration estimated that 9 million Americans might receive rebates totaling up to $1.4 billion, also based on 2010 data. The administration says some reports show insurers have been moderating their premium increases to avoid having to pay rebates. But other policy experts aren't so sure.

"My guess is that rebates will be higher [than the NAIC estimate] in 2011," says Timothy Jost, a law professor at Washington and Lee University who helped prepare the NAIC report. "Insurers seem to have raised their premiums based on projected increases in utilization that never occurred."

Clearer descriptions
Beginning in September, at the start of the open enrollment season, all health plans will have to provide concise, consistent plan information aimed at allowing consumers to easily understand their benefits and compare plans.

Every plan will be required to give people a short summary of coverage and a uniform glossary of terms. It will also have to provide examples of how much the plan would cover if someone had a baby or was managing Type 2 diabetes -- two common situations that should make it easier for people to compare plans.

"This is a big deal," says Jennifer Tolbert, director of state health reform at the Kaiser Family Foundation. "Some of the materials people get explaining their health plan benefits are extraordinarily confusing, and this should make it clearer." (Kaiser Health News is an editorially-independent project of the Foundation.)

Shrinking doughnut hole
The health care overhaul is slowly eliminating the ‘doughnut hole.’ This is the break in Medicare prescription drug benefits that, in a standard plan, begins after total drug spending by the beneficiary and the health plan exceeds $2,930 and continues until the beneficiary has hit the $4,700 out-of-pocket limit.

Last year, Medicare beneficiaries with high drug costs got a 50 percent discount on brand-name drugs once they reached the doughnut hole. This year, they'll see a 14 percent discount on generic drugs as well.

Drug costs will continue to diminish in coming years, until in 2020 the doughnut hole no longer exists and Medicare beneficiaries with drug plans will simply be responsible for 25 percent of their drug costs.

'Accountable Care'
Last December, the administration announced that 32 health-care organizations would participate in a three-year Pioneer Accountable Care Organization programaimed at providing better, coordinated care for 860,000 Medicare beneficiaries. Providers -- including hospitals, clinics and physician groups -- that work together to improve beneficiaries' health and to bring costs down will share in the savings that they achieve.

Although Medicare beneficiaries may not realize that their health-care provider is participating in the program, they may start to notice changes in their care this year, says Debra Ness, president of the National Partnership for Women and Families. She leads the Campaign for Better Care, a coalition of organizations focusing on improving health-care delivery.

"For some of these folks, it may start to feel like they have a team working with them, or like their primary-care provider is developing an individualized care plan," she says. "Compared to what happens now, it could feel like a pretty big change."the

View the original article here

Health reform's cost under scrutiny

President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act into law in 2010, but its biggest coverage provisions won't go into effect until 2014.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- Capitol Hill's official budget cruncher will offer new estimates on Tuesday of one of the most controversial parts of health care reform: the government's cost of covering tens of millions of uninsured Americans.

The Congressional Budget Office's estimates will be part of its annual March revision to its budget baseline -- the marker against which any spending and tax proposals are measured.

But they also will come just two weeks before the Supreme Court will hear arguments in a landmark case brought by 26 states and the National Federation of Independent Business, which contend certain provisions in the law are unconstitutional.

Passed in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act is intended, among other things, to guarantee coverage for everyone regardless of health status and create affordable insurance options for low- and middle-income Americans.

The law would expand eligibility rules for Medicaid and subsidize the cost of health insurance for low and middle-income families buying policies on newly created insurance exchanges.

As a result, by 2021, 95% of legal, non-elderly U.S. residents will have health insurance, up from 83% currently, according to CBO's projections.

While more than half of U.S. adults under age 65 have health insurance through their employers, and the vast majority of those over 65 are covered by Medicare, an estimated 49 million nonelderly Americans remain uninsured, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.

Last March, CBO estimated that the coverage provisions would cost $1.445 trillion over the first decade, up from its $931 billion estimate when the law was passed. On net, after counting the new insurance-related taxes and penalties the law would raise, the agency estimated the provisions would cost $1.131 trillion, up from its original estimate of $778 billion.

The reason for the different estimates: CBO measured costs over a later period of time last year.

That's bound to be one of the reasons why the agency's estimates on Tuesday will differ from those offered in 2010 and 2011.

But another reason may be the agency's unemployment rate projections, which are more pessimistic today than have been. That can add to the cost since more people than previously thought would be eligible for government-subsidized insurance.

What the CBO is not likely to provide on Tuesday is a revised overall cost estimate for the health reform law. Last year, the agency determined that the combined effect of the law's provisions -- which include various other measures to tame health care costs -- would reduce deficits by $210 billion between 2012 and 2021.

Those estimates were based on the law being implemented exactly as written. That's one reason why the Supreme Court ruling, due in June, could change the outlook of the law's budgetary effects.

Among other things, the high court will consider whether the law's individual mandate to buy health insurance is constitutional.

That mandate would require every American to obtain insurance starting in 2014 or pay an annual penalty equal to whichever is greater: 2.5% of household income or $695 per person up to a maximum of $2,085 per family.

Even if the law is preserved in its current form, no one contends that it will be a panacea for the country's long-term health cost burdens. CBO Director Douglas Elmendorf has noted as much repeatedly.

Soon after the law's passage in 2010, he told lawmakers that even "if all the health law measures are implemented, we end up with slightly lower federal health spending by the end of the 2020s." 

First Published: March 12, 2012: 5:06 PM ET

View the original article here

Health reform costs under scrutiny

Capitol Hill's official budget cruncher will offer new estimates on Tuesday of one of the most controversial parts of health care reform: the government's cost of covering tens of millions of uninsured Americans.

The Congressional Budget Office's estimates will be part of its annual March revision to its budget baseline -- the marker against which any spending and tax proposals are measured.

But they also will come just two weeks before the Supreme Court will hear arguments in a landmark case brought by 26 states and the National Federation of Independent Business, which contend certain provisions in the law are unconstitutional.

Passed in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act is intended, among other things, to guarantee coverage for everyone regardless of health status and create affordable insurance options for low- and middle-income Americans.

The law would expand eligibility rules for Medicaid and subsidize the cost of health insurance for low and middle-income families buying policies on newly created insurance exchanges.

As a result, by 2021, 95% of legal, non-elderly U.S. residents will have health insurance, up from 83% currently, according to CBO's projections.

Health care reform isn't a job killer - yet

While more than half of U.S. adults under age 65 have health insurance through their employers, and the vast majority of those over 65 are covered by Medicare, an estimated 49 million nonelderly Americans remain uninsured, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.

Last March, CBO estimated that the coverage provisions would cost $1.445 trillion over the first decade, up from its $931 billion estimate when the law was passed. On net, after counting the new insurance-related taxes and penalties the law would raise, the agency estimated the provisions would cost $1.131 trillion, up from its original estimate of $778 billion.

The reason for the different estimates: CBO measured costs over a later period of time last year.

That's bound to be one of the reasons why the agency's estimates on Tuesday will differ from those offered in 2010 and 2011.

But another reason may be the agency's unemployment rate projections, which are more pessimistic today than have been. That can add to the cost since more people than previously thought would be eligible for government-subsidized insurance.

What the CBO is not likely to provide on Tuesday is a revised overall cost estimate for the health reform law. Last year, the agency determined that the combined effect of the law's provisions -- which include various other measures to tame health care costs -- would reduce deficits by $210 billion between 2012 and 2021.

What health reform is (and isn't) doing now

Those estimates were based on the law being implemented exactly as written. That's one reason why the Supreme Court ruling, due in June, could change the outlook of the law's budgetary effects.

Among other things, the high court will consider whether the law's individual mandate to buy health insurance is constitutional.

That mandate would require every American to obtain insurance starting in 2014 or pay an annual penalty equal to whichever is greater: 2.5% of household income or $695 per person up to a maximum of $2,085 per family.

Even if the law is preserved in its current form, no one contends that it will be a panacea for the country's long-term health cost burdens. CBO Director Douglas Elmendorf has noted as much repeatedly.

Soon after the law's passage in 2010, he told lawmakers that even "if all the health law measures are implemented, we end up with slightly lower federal health spending by the end of the 2020s."

View this article on CNNMoney

More From CNNMoney.com

View the original article here

Gilenya (Fingolimod): MS Drug Under Health Canada Review in Light of Serious Adverse Events

OTTAWA, ONTARIO--(Marketwire -02/27/12)- Health Canada is informing Canadians of an ongoing safety review of the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug Gilenya (the brand name for fingolimod). The review was initiated following reports of serious adverse events, including 11 deaths reported internationally. No deaths have been reported in Canada.

Gilenya is a prescription drug authorized for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to reduce the frequency of attacks (relapses) and delay physical disability. Gilenya is generally recommended when other MS treatments have not been effective or cannot be tolerated. It was authorized in Canada in March 2011.

Currently, it is not clear whether the deaths were caused by Gilenya or whether other factors may have played a role. Four of the 11 reports involved serious heart-related events (three involved heart attacks and one involved a disturbance of the heart rhythm), while the other seven are unexplained. Among these seven is a report involving a patient in the United States who died within 24 hours of taking the first dose.

At the time of authorization, it was known that Gilenya can be associated with certain types of heart rhythm disturbances. The Canadian labelling contains several important warnings with respect to these risks. At this time, when the drug is used as recommended in the authorized Canadian drug label, the benefits of Gilenya are considered to outweigh the risks.

Healthcare professionals are advised to continue to follow the labeling instructions closely, particularly with respect to patient monitoring. Specifically, the label recommends that physicians:

 

--  Obtain an ECG (electrocardiogram) before the first dose if one is not
available in the last 6 months
--  Observe patients for signs and symptoms of bradyarrhythmia (slow heart
rate), including periodic assessment of heart rate, for at least six
hours after the first dose (or if more than two weeks have passed since
the previous dose).
--  Initiate appropriate treatment if clinically important heart-related
symptoms occur. Symptoms include bradyarrhythmia or atrioventricular
block (a problem with the conduction of electricity in the heart).
Continue to manage and monitor patients until symptoms have resolved.
--  Measure blood pressure regularly as Gilenya is known to increase blood
pressure.

Patients taking Gilenya who experience symptoms of heart problems should report them immediately. Symptoms include chest pain, slow or irregular heartbeat, or feeling dizzy. Patients should not stop taking Gilenya without first consulting a healthcare professional. Patients who have any questions or concerns about their Gilenya therapy should speak to their healthcare professional.

Before starting Gilenya, patients should tell their doctor if they are taking other medications such as drugs used to treat abnormal heart rhythms, beta blockers or calcium channel blockers, or if they have a history of heart-related problems such as low heart rate, heart rhythm disorders, congestive heart failure, or fainting.

Health Canada continues to assess all available information, including information from the company (Novartis), and information from other regulators. Health Canada will take appropriate action based on the results of its review. This includes communicating new safety information to health professionals and the public as soon as the review is complete, as appropriate.

Drug labels, also known as "Product Monographs," contain important prescribing and safety information for health professionals and patients, and are available by search of Health Canada's Drug Product Database (http://webprod3.hc-sc.gc.ca/dpd-bdpp/index-eng.jsp).

How to report side effects to health products

To report suspected adverse reaction (side effect) to these or other health products, please contact Health Canada's Canada Vigilance Program toll-free at 1-866-234-2345, or complete a Canada Vigilance Reporting Form (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/medeff/report-declaration/index-eng.php) and send to us using one of these methods:

- Fax: 1-866-678-6789

- Internet: www.healthcanada.gc.ca/medeffect

- Mail (Get a postage-paid label (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/medeff/report-declaration/post_paid-affranchi-eng.php)):

 

Canada Vigilance Program
Marketed Health Products Directorate
Ottawa, ON, Address Locator 0701E
K1A 0K9

Egalement disponible en francais

View the original article here

ICSA Labs Certifies First Hospital Under Its Electronic Health Record Testing Program

LAS VEGAS, Feb. 21, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- At the HIMSS Conference on Tuesday (Feb. 21), ICSA Labs announced its first certification of an IT system that is currently deployed by a hospital.  The hospital, Via Christi Health, earned the certification under ICSA Labs' electronic health record program.  Previous certifications had been limited to commercial off-the-shelf and open-source solutions.  

Via Christi Health, which provides a network of health care services via hospitals, doctors, specialty clinics and senior centers in Wichita and south central Kansas, demonstrated that its custom software is compliant with standards set forth by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology for electronic health records.  This certification from ICSA Labs demonstrates that Via Christi Health's software follows patient-care best practices and enables the secure exchange of patient records.

Via Christi Health uses its internally developed health IT software to help manage patient records throughout its facilities. In preparing to earn its ONC certification, Via Christi Health had to decide whether to invest in new software that was already certified or to certify and use the custom software the hospital system already had in place.

"Certifying our own software not only proved more cost effective for Via Christi Health, it was significantly less disruptive for our doctors and caregivers," said Dave Gestenslager, application architecture manager, Via Christi Health. "Instead of asking our doctors to switch to a new solution, our physicians were able to continue to use software with which they were already familiar. This enabled them to focus on delivering excellent patient care, instead of learning new technology."

Amit Trivedi, health care program manager, ICSA Labs, said: "By certifying its own software versus transitioning to new software, Via Christi Health is a great example of how certification for electronic health records promotes technology use in a meaningful way to allow for better economics and improved access to patient information.  The testing of custom EHR solutions for eligible providers and hospitals like Via Christi Health enables physicians and staff to effectively use certified health technology."

ICSA Labs is designated as an Authorized Testing and Certification Body by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, and is authorized to test complete EHR solutions as well as modular ones that address a specific IT function.  To learn more or enter a product into the testing process, visit ICSA Labs' Electronic Health Record Testing and Certification page.

NOTE: During HIMSS, follow us on Twitter @icsalabs and @verizonbusiness, hashtag #VZHIMSS. Visit us on Facebook for all the latest show activity.  

About ICSA Labs
ICSA Labs, an independent division of Verizon, offers third-party testing and certification of security and health IT products, as well as network-connected devices, to measure product compliance, reliability and performance for many of the world's top security vendors.  ICSA Labs is an ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited and 9001:2008 registered organization. Visit http://www.icsalabs.com and http://www.icsalabs.com/blogs for more information.

About Via Christi Health
Via Christi Health, a Catholic-sponsored ministry affiliated with Marian Health System and Ascension Health, is the largest provider of health care services in Kansas. Via Christi employs more than 10,000 in its hospitals, senior villages, physician offices and health services. In fiscal year 2011, it provided more than $82 million in community benefit to those it serves, including the poor. Visit viachristi.org.

About Verizon
Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE, Nasdaq: VZ), headquartered in New York, is a global leader in delivering broadband and other wireless and wireline communications services to consumer, business, government and wholesale customers.  Verizon Wireless operates America's most reliable wireless network, with nearly 109 million total connections nationwide.  Verizon also provides converged communications, information and entertainment services over America's most advanced fiber-optic network, and delivers integrated business solutions to customers in more than 150 countries, including all of the Fortune 500.  A Dow 30 company with $111 billion in 2011 revenues, Verizon employs a diverse workforce of nearly 194,000.  For more information, visit www.verizon.com.  

VERIZON'S ONLINE NEWS CENTER: Verizon news releases, executive speeches and biographies, media contacts, high-quality video and images, and other information are available at Verizon's News Center on the World Wide Web at www.verizon.com/news.  To receive news releases by email, visit the News Center and register for customized automatic delivery of Verizon news releases.

View the original article here

Is U.S. Health Spending Finally Under Control?

9:36 a.m. | Updated to correct reference to lines in Chart 3.

Uwe E. Reinhardt is an economics professor at Princeton. He has some financial interests in the health care field.

“Growth in U.S. health spending remains slow in 2010” was the headline of a news release on Jan. 9 by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, part of the Department of Health and Human Services. At an increase of 3.9 percent over national health spending in 2009, “the rates of health spending growth in 2009 and 2010 marked the lowest rate in the 51-year history of the National Health Expenditure Accounts,” the release said.

Perspectives from expert contributors.

The news was quickly picked up and disseminated by news organizations, including The New York Times.

What is one to make of this development? Is it evidence that we have finally “broken the back of the health care inflation monster,” as former Secretary of Health and Human Services Margaret Heckler famously put it in 1984. That was just after the Reagan administration had introduced the current prospective case-based payments for hospital inpatient care but two years before the health care inflation monster returned with a vengeance.

The charts below provide a longer-run perspective on health spending in the United States. They are all based on the rich data tables released annually by the Office of the Actuary of the Centers for Medicare and Medicare Services.

Charts 1 and 2 show the growth of health spending from 1965 to 2010, broken down by source of payment. Chart 1 exhibits the time path of actual health spending, not adjusted for inflation. Chart 2 exhibits the percentage of total national health spending contributed by the various sources in the chart.

In the charts the green area denotes out-of-pocket spending at the time health care is consumed, the red private health insurance, the gray Medicare, the yellow Medicaid and the blue “other third-party payments.”

The latter category is a grab bag of mainly public programs like spending by the Department of Defense, the Veterans Administration health system, the Indian Health Service, Workers’ Compensation, school health, general federal and state public-health activities and so on. Although each item in the list is relatively small, together these programs now add up to slightly over 20 percent of total national health spending.

Charts 1 and 2 illustrate the growing role of the Medicare and Medicaid programs in total health spending. They also show that out-of-pocket spending as a percentage of total national health spending has steadily decreased over time, even though the average American family probably feels that quite the opposite has occurred.

This is so because out-of-pocket spending for health care in dollars in the United States can rise even though as a percentage of total health spending it falls, because per-capita health spending in the United States is so large – typically twice as large as the corresponding figures in other nations.

Charts 3 and 4 tell an interesting story. The blue line in Chart 3 represents inflation-adjusted, real national health spending per capita in constant 2005 dollars. The red line represents real, inflation-adjusted gross domestic product per capita. The G.D.P. deflator was used to adjust the two-time series for inflation (see Table B-7).

As the charts show, both real national health spending per capita and real G.D.P. per capita fluctuate considerably from year to year. On average, the growth rate of health spending has exceeded the growth rate of G.D.P., although in a few years the opposite occurred.

I am certainly not the first to notice this. Charts like these are old hat in the Office of the Actuary of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and they have been remarked on in the literature for some time, as this example shows.

Charts 3 and 4 illustrate two additional points.

First, depending on the beginning and end points one chooses for calculation, the average percentage points by which the annual growth in health spending has exceeded the average annual growth in G.D.P. over the chosen period – a difference known among health policy analysts simply as “excess cost growth” – can vary quite a bit. One really needs charts like these to study the phenomenon, not point-to-point averages.

Second, the annual growth in real health spending per capita appears to have fluctuated around a long-run trend that has declined ever so gently over the longer period (see the blue line in Chart 3). That trend reflects in part that the annual growth in real G.D.P. per capita has also fluctuated around a gently declining trend line. As is shown in Chart 4, the trend line around which excess growth fluctuates is virtually flat.

The $64,000 question is how soon the excess growth of health spending will descend from its historical average of 1.5 to 2.5 percent first to, say, 1 percent or so, and eventually to 0 percent.

It is tempting to view the relatively lower cost growth in recent years as a first step in that direction. But nothing in the history of health spending in the United States suggests that this is the time to break out the Champagne to celebrate that victory.

After all, low rates of spending increases in 2009-10 could just be the lagged effect of the deep recession in 2008-9. There is evidence in the literature that health spending does not completely march to its own drummer, regardless of what happens in the rest of the economy, but instead tends to rise and fall somewhat with the rest of the G.D.P., albeit with a lag of one to two years. The safest bet is that on the long road to eventual zero excess growth in health spending, we will ride up and down quite a few more times on the health-spending roller coaster.

Now why is it reasonable to assume that excess cost growth will just have to decline to zero in the long run – that is, to assume that health spending will not eventually growth faster than G.D.P. and perhaps even more slowly?

Economists would explain such a trend as flows: as the fraction of G.D.P. devoted to health care increases, the added satisfaction, or utility, that people derive from added health care is likely to diminish relative to the added satisfaction derived from consuming more of other things. It could explain a gradual decline in the excess growth of health care spending.

Finally, economists retreat here to the one law on which they all agree, namely, Stein’s Law, named for the late economist Herbert Stein: “If something cannot go on forever, it will stop.” Trust us. It will, in the long run.

This post has been revised to reflect the following correction:

Correction: January 20, 2012

An earlier version of this post reversed a reference to the lines in Chart 3. The blue line (not red) represents health spending; the red line (not blue) represents gross domestic product per capita.

View the original article here

Important weight loss tips for women under 30

The women are the major sufferers of obesity and that is also seen mainly in those who are under 30s. This leads to many problems in them such as cyst in ovaries, problems during pregnancy and miscarriages. To avoid these problems you should aware beforehand and go for exercises or diets that helps you to burn your extra calories. There are many online websites available who provide weight loss tips for women under 30. The tips are categorised according to the age of the women because a women of 40 or 50 years cannot perform the same exercise that another woman of 30 years or less can. This is so the energy and capacity of a woman decreases along with her age.

Here are some weight loss tips for women under 30
1. Go for regular physical exercises- Physical exercises like swimming, jogging, walking, exercises at home or gym is very much needed for the women under 30 to reduce their body weight. They have the capacity to go for hard work outs and so it is very much necessary for them.
2. Go for yoga- Yoga is one of the best weight loss tips for women under 30 because it has no side effects and reduces your weight quickly. It also helps to reduce blood glucose level and pressure by making the muscles active in absorbing the excess glucose from the blood.
3. Eat moderate amount of food- You should eat less and also should avoid having meals frequently. Another thing is to avoid carbohydrate rich foods which add on extra fats to your body.
4. Say no to junk foods, white breads etc. - Junk food is the major cause of gaining weight. So you need to avoid the oily and fried foods as well as white breads, chocolates, mango etc. Instead you should go for brown breads, salads, toned milk, fruit juices etc. as alternatives for the junk foods.
5. Lastly women under 30 but more than 25 can go for daily sex with her partner as it is the best way to lose fat quickly. Sex causes a lot of exertions to your body and thus burns a huge amount calorie than other physical exercises. It also makes you fresh and looks young.

Thus women under 30s should be careful enough to reduce their weight at this early stage or else it will create a lot of physical problems once she will grow old. But one thing is that she should follow these weight loss tips for women under 30 daily to make her look beautiful and attractive forever.

View the original article here